When the Soviet army entered Auschwitz exactly 70 years ago, finding piles of corpses and prisoners close to death, a Russian soldier took a small and hungry 11-year-old girl into his arms and rocked her tenderly, tears coming to his eyes.
That girl, today 81-year-old Paula Lebovics, doesn’t know who that soldier was, but she still feels enormous gratitude to him and the other Soviet soldiers who liberated the camp on Jan. 27, 1945.
To her, it is a shame that Russian President Vladimir Putin won’t be among other European leaders Tuesday on the anniversary of the death camp’s liberation, his absence coming amid a deep chill between Russia and the West over the Kremlin’s actions in Ukraine.
“He should be there,” said Lebovics, who traveled from her home in Encino, California, back to the land of her birth for the ceremonies. “They were our liberators.”
Another survivor, Eva Mozes Kor, said she will not miss Putin, “but I do believe that from a moral and historical perspective he should be here.” Kor compared Putin to Adolf Hitler, “grabbing land here and grabbing land there to see what he can get away with.”
Among the leaders to attend are the presidents of Germany and Austria, the perpetrator nations that have spent decades atoning for their sins, as well as French President Francois Hollande and others. The U.S. is sending a delegation led by Treasury Secretary Jack Lew.
The participants will gather under an enormous tent covering the gate and railroad tracks of Birkenau, a part of the vast Auschwitz-Birkenau complex where Jews, Gypsies and others were transported by train and murdered in gas chambers. It is located in the Polish village of Brzezinka, which during the war belonged to a large section of Poland that was under German occupation.
Before going to Poland for the ceremonies, German President Joachim Gauck told the Parliament in Berlin that the lessons of the crimes of Auschwitz were “woven into the texture of our national identity.”
From the “guilt and shame and remorse” of the Nazi genocide, modern Germany has emerged to become a champion of human rights and equality, he said.
“We did that as we returned to the rule and dignity of law,” he said. “We did it as we developed empathy for the victims. And today we do it as we oppose all forms of exclusion and violence and offer a safe home to all those who are fleeing persecution, war and terror.”
Pope Francis said on Twitter that “Auschwitz cries out with the pain of immense suffering and pleads for a future of respect, peace and encounter among peoples.”
Poland apparently snubbed Putin, though officials won’t admit that openly. The organizers, the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and the International Auschwitz Council, opted for a form of protocol this year that avoided direct invitations by Poland’s president to his foreign counterparts. The organizers instead simply asked countries that are donors to Auschwitz, including Russia, whom they planned to send. Poland’s Foreign Ministry says Putin could have attended if he wished.
The public spat comes at a low point in relations between Russia and the West, following Moscow’s annexation of Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula, and its support for the rebel forces battling Kiev’s troops in eastern Ukraine. Poland has been one of Europe’s most vocal countries in condemning Russia’s actions in Ukraine, which has plunged the continent into one of the worst East-West crises since the end of the Cold War.
The Russian delegation will be led by Sergei Ivanov, Putin’s chief of staff.
Some other Holocaust survivors, asked Monday at Auschwitz about who should represent Russia, didn’t want to discuss the matter, saying it was a time to honor Holocaust victims, not enter into political polemics. Some reacted emotionally at the mention of the conflict in Ukraine, remembering how Ukrainians helped the Nazis kill Jews during the war.
Not all Soviet actions were heroic: there were also cases of Soviet soldiers who raped Jewish women who survived death camps after the war.
“A lot of people have bad memories from that (the liberation), but I have good ones. I am very grateful,” Lebovics said.
Natan Grossmann, a survivor who now lives in Munich, also feels Putin should have been invited.
“They put their lives on the line to free us. They lost their lives and we should honor them,” Grossmann said.
At the United Nations, commemorations planned for Tuesday, which is International Holocaust Remembrance Day, were canceled because of a snowstorm in New York.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Israeli President Reuven Rivlin had been scheduled to speak along with the head of Yad Vashem, Avner Shalev. The event has tentatively been rescheduled for Wednesday, depending on the weather.
